I didn't want to hog all the fun...
The fasteners that hold the rear brake hoses holders in place are usually a hex head fastener.
The white powder is aluminum oxide from water getting into the stator area and sitting there.
I would test the stator and see if it is still in spec.
If so, I would remove the flywheel and the stator.
Then I would use a dremel with a small wire wheel and clean off all the oxide from the cases.
I would also clean any rust off the flywheel.
You can spray the raw aluminum with WD-40.
For that matter spraying WD-40 on everything else including the stator does not hurt.
Inspect closely, wipe it all dry, reassemble, and double check the ohm specs before putting the stator cover on.